Author: Ajay Kumar Saxena
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642007120
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
This book describes the phenomenon of superconductivity and high-temperature superconductors discovered by Bednorz and Muller in 1986. It covers all major experimental and theoretical developments in the field as well as many applications.
Author: Ziad Melhem
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857095293
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
High temperature superconductors (HTS) offer many advantages through their application in electrical systems, including high efficiency performance and high throughput with low-electrical losses. While cryogenic cooling and precision materials manufacture is required to achieve this goal, cost reductions without significant performance loss are being achieved through the advanced design and development of HTS wires, cables and magnets, along with improvements in manufacturing methods. This book explores the fundamental principles, design and development of HTS materials and their practical applications in energy systems. Part one describes the fundamental science, engineering and development of particular HTS components such as wires and tapes, cables, coils and magnets and discusses the cryogenics and electromagnetic modelling of HTS systems and materials. Part two reviews the types of energy applications that HTS materials are used in, including fault current limiters, power cables and energy storage, as well as their application in rotating machinery for improved electrical efficiencies, and in fusion technologies and accelerator systems where HTS magnets are becoming essential enabling technologies. With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, High temperature superconductors (HTS) for energy applications is an invaluable reference tool for anyone involved or interested in HTS materials and their application in energy systems, including materials scientists and electrical engineers, energy consultants, HTS materials manufacturers and designers, and researchers and academics in this field. Discusses fundamental issues and developments of particular HTS components Comprehensively reviews the design and development of HTS materials and then applications in energy systems Reviews the use of HTS materials and cabling transmissions, fault alignment limiters, energy storage, generators and motors, fusion and accelerator
Author: S. MOHAN
Publisher: MJP Publisher
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Prof. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovered superconductivity while measuring resistivity of mercury. Surprisingly the resistivity of mercury ceased at 4.2 K and this phenomenon was known as superconductivity. He realized the importance of this discovery in producing large magnetic fieldspl. delateIt was realized that superconductivity is in a new thermodynamic state with peculiar electric and magnetic properties. This paved the way to discover more superconductors. Simple elements such as Tin, Indium or lead showed the highest critical temperature (Tc) 7.2 K. They were called as Type 1 superconductors. Niobium-nitride was found to superconduct at 16 K at 1941 and Vanadium-silicon showed superconductive properties at 17.5 K at 1953. Nb alloys and binary or more complex compounds such as Nb3Sn (Tc – 18 K), Nb-Ti (Tc -9 K), Ga, V with Tc,23 K became type II superconductors. Thereafter, there was not much improvement in the development of superconductor although wonderful applications were expected from superconductors. After three decades, Fullerenes, like ceramic superconductors, are discovered. A decade ago MgB2 was discovered with Tc = 39 K. These superconductors were routinely produced into formof wires for producing larger magnetic fields. In all these cases cooling was effectively done by liquid Helium. A comprehensive microscopic theory of superconductivity in metals was proposed in 1957 by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper and Robert Schrieffer (the so-called “BCS” theory) for which they received the Nobel Prize in Physics. In a major breakthrough, George Bednorz and Karl Mueller discovered a brittle ceramic superconductivity in the family of cuprates at 30 K in 1986 and a new era began. Inspired by the work of Bednorz and Mueller on high temperature superconductivity (HTS), Paul Chu and his associates at the University of Houston discovered in 1987, 123 compounds. That is, YBCO (Yttrium1- Barium2-Copper3- Oxygen7) and iso-structural RBCO (Rare-earth1-Barium2-Copper3-Oxygen7) have a Tc of 93 K. Prior to 1987, all superconducting materials had lower critical temperatures (Tc’s) and therefore functioned only at temperatures near the boiling point of liquid helium (4.2 K) or liquid hydrogen (20.28 K), with the highest being Nb3Ge at 23 K. They were known as low temperature superconductors. YBCO was the first material to become superconducting above 77 K, (boiling point of liquid nitrogen) and subsequently a series of high temperature superconducting materials were discovered. These superconducting materials are widely known as High temperature superconductors as these Tc’s exceeded the limit prescribed by BCS theory. HTSCs are potentially valuable as liquid nitrogen is cheaper than liquid helium. YBCO possesses superior superconducting and physical properties. YBCO receiver coils in NMR-spectrometers have improved the resolution NMR spectrometers by a factor of 3 compared to that achievable with conventional coils. Paul Chu’s group holds the current Tc-record of 164 K in the mercury barium based cuprate superconductor under pressure. Their work led to a rapid succession of new high temperature superconducting materials, ushering in a new era in material science, chemistry and technology. Added to this the structure of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu2O10(BiSCCO) high temperature superconductive compound having T= 110 K was reported. In 1993, mercuric-cuprates, perovskite ceramic superconductors with the transition temperatures Tc =138 K was also reported.
Author: Antonio Bianconi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402039881
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
The object of this book is the quantum mechanism that allows the macroscopic quantum coherence of a superconducting condensate to resist to the attacks of high temperature. Solution to this fundamental problem of modern physics is needed for the design of room temperature superconductors, for controlling the decoherence effects in the quantum computers and for the understanding of a possible role of quantum coherence in living matter that is debated today in quantum biophysics. The recent experimental results on nanoscale phase separation and the two component scenario in high Tc in doped cuprate and the lower symmetry in the superconducting elements at high pressure area presented. The compelling evidence for multiband superconductivity in MgB2 that provides the simplest system for testing the high Tc theories, and plays the same role as atomic hydrogen for the development of the quantum mechanics in the twenties, is one of the main points of the book. The multiband superconductivity enhances the critical temperature from the low Tc range Tc
Author: J. Robert Schrieffer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387687343
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 627
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Book Description
Since the 1980s, a general theme in the study of high-temperature superconductors has been to test the BCS theory and its predictions against new data. At the same time, this process has engendered new physics, new materials, and new theoretical frameworks. Remarkable advances have occurred in sample quality and in single crystals, in hole and electron doping in the development of sister compounds with lower transition temperatures, and in instruments to probe structure and dynamics. Handbook of High-Temperature Superconductvity is a comprehensive and in-depth treatment of both experimental and theoretical methodologies by the the world's top leaders in the field. The Editor, Nobel Laureate J. Robert Schrieffer, and Associate Editor James S. Brooks, have produced a unified, coherent work providing a global view of high-temperature superconductivity covering the materials, the relationships with heavy-fermion and organic systems, and the many formidable challenges that remain.
Author: Donald M. Ginsberg
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789810233587
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
The publication of Volume V of Physical Properties of High Temperature Superconductors is expected in March, 1996. It will have chapters of interest for both fundamental studies and applied research. The topics discussed are expected to include the electromagnetic response (penetration depth and surface resistance), local lattice distortions, the influence of vortex fluctuations on macroscopic behavior, the properties of superlattices, and the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter.
Author: Hiroshi Maeda
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824796907
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 652
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Book Description
Provides coverage of the ongoing investigations on bismuth-based high-temperature cuprate superconductors, integrating scattered research activities and literature from 70 leading scientists throughout the world. The text covers crystal structures and microstructures, reversible or equilibrium magnetic and thermal properties, atomic site tunnel spectroscopy, experimental studies concerning equilibrium phases, and more.
Author: M. Ausloos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401155364
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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Book Description
These Proceedings of a NATO-ARW (HTECH ARW 96 00 52) held at the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy from Aug 5 till Aug 9, 1996 resulted from many discussions between various workers, concerning the need for a gathering of all (if possible) who were concerned about the subject of superconductivity fluctuations in High critical Temperature Superconductors (HTS). It appeared to many that the Skocpol-Tinkham work of 1975 had to be revitalized in view of the discovery of the new superconducting ceramics and the enormous amount of work having already taken place. The study of HTS is one of the most prominent research subject in solid state sciences. The understanding of the role of fluctuations is also thought to be necessary before technological applications since the fluctuations may destroy the superconducting state. The workshop discussions have touched upon (i) Superconducting fluctuations in the vicinity of the critical transition, (ii) Superconductivity fluctuations near the percolation transition, and (iii) Fluctuations of the vortex lattice at the lattice melting temperature. These topics served as initiators for a very great amount of discussions with many comments from the audience. More than forty "long lectures" and two "poster sessions" were held. Private discussions going unrecorded but obviously took place at many locations : lecture halls, staircases, cafetaria, bedrooms, bars, beach, . . .
Author: V.L. Ginzburg
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781461339175
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
I first learned of the existence of this book on high-temperature superconduc tivity when I received a copy in the office of one of the co-editors, Prof. V. L. Ginzburg, shortly after publication. I had known of the work on problems and prospects of achieving high-temperature superconductors by the members of the I. E. Tamm Department of Theoretical Physics of the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute. I was naturally anxious to read and study this volume, which inte grates the work of more than a decade. Lest one think that the contributions contained here are of the nature of a reflective looking backward, two important considerations should be kept in mind. First, achievement of high-Tc superconductivity is very much a current and future goal. Elsewhere, one of the authors has described it in these words: "Yes, high-temperature superconductivity is a dream, but a sufficiently realistic one. " Second, the current physics literature contains reports of new and astounding findings-perhaps some of these will later be recognized as precursors to achieving the "dream.
Author: Anant V. Narlikar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642073694
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 574
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Book Description
In contrast to research on the fundamental mechanisms of High-Temperature Superconductivity, in recent years we have seen enormous developments in the fabrication and application of High-Tc-superconductors. The two volumes of High Temperature Superconductivity provide a survey of the state of the technology and engineering applications of these materials. They comprise extended original research papers and technical review articles written by physicists, chemists, materials scientists and engineers, all of them noted experts in their fields. The interdisciplinary and strictly application-oriented coverage should benefit graduate students and academic researchers in the mentioned areas as well as industrial experts. Volume 1 "Materials" focuses on major technical advancements in High-Tc materials processing for applications. Volume 2 "Engineering Applications" covers numerous application areas where High-Tc superconductors are making tremendous impact.
